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Some Theoretical Limitations of t-SNE

Li, Rupert, Mossel, Elchanan

arXiv.org Machine Learning

t-SNE has gained popularity as a dimension reduction technique, especially for visualizing data. It is well-known that all dimension reduction techniques may lose important features of the data. We provide a mathematical framework for understanding this loss for t-SNE by establishing a number of results in different scenarios showing how important features of data are lost by using t-SNE.







Appendix

Neural Information Processing Systems

Fitting T1-mGPLVM to the binned spike data, we found that the inferred latent state was highly correlated with the true head direction (Figure 5b). Here we make this connection more explicit. As described in the main text, the Lie algebrag of a groupG is a vector space tangent toG at its identity element. However,because the Lie algebra is isomorphic toRn, we have found it convenient in both our exposition and our implementation to work directly with the pair(Rn,ExpG), instead of(g,expG). We begin by noting thatSn is not a Lie group unlessn = 1 or n = 3, thus we can only apply the ReLie framework toS1 and S3.